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André-Joseph Lafitte-Clavé, also André-Joseph de Lafitte (1740, Clavé (a mansion of Moncrabeau)–1794, Perpignan) was a French Army engineering officer. He became Colonel on 1 April 1791, and Maréchal de Camp on 25 October 1792. He was a graduate of the ''Ecole royale du génie de Mézières'' engineering school. He is especially known for his participation to a French mission in the Ottoman Empire under Louis XVI from 1784 to 1788.〔(''Imperialism and science: social impact and interaction'' by George Vlahakis p.92 )〕 The mission, from 1783, was sent to the Ottoman Empire to train the Turks in naval warfare and fortification building.〔(''From Louis XIV to Napoleon'' Jeremy Black p.144 )〕 Up to the French revolution in 1789, about 300 French artillery officers and engineers were active in the Ottoman Empire to modernize and train artillery units.〔''Ottoman wars 1700-1870: an empire besieged'' by Virginia H. Aksan p.202 ()〕 From 1784, André-Joseph Lafitte-Clavé and Joseph-Monnier de Courtois instructed engineering drawings and techniques in the new Turkish engineering school ''Mühendishâne-i Hümâyûn'' established by the Grand-Vizier Halil Hamid Pasha.〔(''Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire'' by Gábor Ágoston, Bruce Alan Masters p.395 )〕 Mostly French textbooks were used on mathematics, astronomy, engineering, weapons, war techniques and navigation.〔 The French experts had to leave in 1788, as a condition of the peace treaty between Russia and Turkey.〔 Some returned to Constantinople, but eventually all instructors had to leave with the end of the Franco-Ottoman alliance in 1798.〔〔 ==See also== *Franco-Ottoman alliance *Ottoman military reform efforts 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「André-Joseph Lafitte-Clavé」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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